Paula, a citizen of New York, was injured in a car accident in New Jersey caused by Dan, a citizen of New Jersey. Paula's medical bills total $85,000. Paula filed suit in the United States District Court for the Southern…
Alice filed a complaint in federal court alleging that Bob breached a contract. Bob answered and asserted a counterclaim against Alice for tortious interference with Bob's business relations with a third party, Carol. Al…
During discovery in a federal civil lawsuit, plaintiff Pam served defendant Drake with interrogatories, requests for production of documents, and a notice of deposition. Drake objected to all interrogatories on grounds o…
GlobeTech, a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business in California, manufactures GPS devices. It sells to retailers nationwide through an online portal. Apex Retailer, Inc., incorporated in Texas with i…
Paula sued Defendant Driver for negligence arising from a car accident in federal court. The jury returned a verdict for Driver and judgment was entered. Paula did not appeal. Six months later, Paula filed a new federal …
Owen, a wheat farmer, sent a signed letter to Grainco, a grain merchant, stating: "I offer to sell you my entire 2025 wheat harvest at $6.00 per bushel. This offer will remain open for 30 days." Grainco received the lett…
Clara, a homeowner, contracted with Builder to renovate her kitchen for $40,000. The written contract stated: "Builder to complete renovation by June 1. Time is of the essence." Builder substantially completed the work b…
TechCorp ordered 500 custom-configured laptops from Vendor at $1,200 each for a total of $600,000. The written contract required delivery by October 1. Vendor delivered 500 laptops on October 1, but 50 of them had defect…
Paula and Dan orally agreed that Dan would sell Paula his rare vintage guitar collection — 12 guitars — for $15,000, to be paid in full and delivered in 60 days. The parties shook hands but signed nothing. Two weeks late…
NuConstruct, Inc. submitted a detailed bid of $2.1 million to serve as general contractor on a municipal library project, relying on subcontractor quotes including a $400,000 electrical quote from Watts Electric. NuConst…
The State of Clio enacted a statute requiring any out-of-state trucking company to obtain a special permit before transporting goods through the state, while in-state companies could transport goods without restriction. …
Congress enacted the "Safe Communities Act," which required all state and local law enforcement agencies to collect and report data on undocumented immigrants they encounter to a federal immigration database. A state ref…
A state public university adopted a policy prohibiting any student organization from endorsing, sponsoring, or participating in any political campaign activity, including distributing campaign materials. A student politi…
The State of Norden enacted two statutes. The first, the "Felon Disenfranchisement Reform Act," restored voting rights to all formerly incarcerated individuals except those convicted of election-related crimes. A state s…
Harbortown City adopted a comprehensive wetlands preservation ordinance that prohibited any construction, filling, or development on parcels designated as "protected wetlands." Owen purchased a 10-acre coastal parcel for…
Dan was deeply in debt and decided to kill his wealthy uncle, Victor, to inherit money. Dan invited Victor to dinner and put poison in Victor's food. Victor ate the meal but did not die because the "poison" Dan used was …
Officers received an anonymous tip that drugs were being sold from a blue car parked outside a convenience store. They observed a blue car in the location described. An officer approached and asked the driver, Sam, "Can …
Police arrested Tom for burglary. At the police station, officers read Tom his Miranda rights. Tom said, "I think I might want a lawyer." Officers then continued to question Tom. Tom eventually confessed. Tom moves to su…
Alec and Benny agreed to rob a convenience store. Alec waited in the getaway car while Benny entered the store with a gun. During the robbery, Benny pistol-whipped the cashier so severely that the cashier died three days…
Dana was charged in state court with aggravated assault. After a two-day jury trial, the jury was deadlocked and the judge declared a mistrial over Dana's objection that the deadlock was manufactured by prosecutorial mis…
Paula sues Dan for personal injuries after a car accident. Dan's attorney seeks to introduce evidence that: (a) one week after the accident, Dan repaired a broken brake line on the car; (b) Dan has a reputation in the co…
In a criminal trial, the prosecution offers the following evidence: (a) a statement made by the defendant to his friend, saying "I did it and I'd do it again"; (b) a written diary entry, found at defendant's home, in whi…
In a civil malpractice case against Dr. Adams, plaintiff offers the expert testimony of Dr. Baker, who reviewed plaintiff's medical records and opines that Dr. Adams's treatment fell below the standard of care. Dr. Adams…
Paula sues Dan for breach of contract. At trial, Paula seeks to introduce three items: (1) a printout of an email chain that Paula claims Dan sent, offering to sell Paula his business for $500,000; Dan denies sending the…
In a fraud trial, the government's star witness, Wendy, testifies on direct that she saw Defendant sign a fraudulent document on March 15. On cross-examination, defense counsel asks whether Wendy gave a statement to poli…
Owen conveyed Blackacre "to Alice for life, then to Bob if Bob survives Alice, but if Bob does not survive Alice, to Carol and her heirs." Two years later, Bob conveyed his interest to Dan by deed. Owen died. Alice died.…
Landlord leased an apartment to Tenant for a 2-year term. The lease required Tenant to pay $1,500/month rent. Six months into the lease, Tenant discovered the apartment's heating system was completely inoperable during w…
Adam owned Greenacre. In 2018, Adam conveyed Greenacre to Beth by warranty deed, which Beth did not record. In 2019, Adam conveyed Greenacre to Carol by quitclaim deed, which Carol immediately recorded. Carol paid $100,0…
For 21 years, Nancy openly maintained, farmed, and fenced a 2-acre strip of land adjacent to her property that actually belongs to her neighbor, Owen, who lives out of state and has never visited or objected. Nancy alway…
Paula borrowed $400,000 from Bank, secured by a properly recorded mortgage on Greenacre. She later borrowed $100,000 from Finance Co., also secured by a mortgage on Greenacre, which was also recorded. Paula defaulted on …
Paula was walking on a sidewalk when a beam from a construction site owned by BuildCo fell and struck her, causing severe injuries. BuildCo had hired Contractor to perform construction work. Contractor was an independent…
Dave manufactures a power saw. The saw has a blade guard that, under normal use, can pop off unexpectedly, exposing the blade. Dave's engineering team was aware of the design issue before production but determined that f…
Tom intentionally pushed Lucy, causing her to fall. Lucy, who had a pre-existing osteoporosis condition, suffered a severe broken hip that would not have occurred in a person with normal bone density. Tom argues he shoul…
Larry owns a hardware store. One evening after closing, a trespassing teenager, Tommy, climbs the fence around Larry's back lot to retrieve a lost ball and falls into an uncovered, unmarked machinery pit. The pit is left…
Victor is a private citizen who coaches a local youth soccer league. A local newspaper published an article stating: "Victor has been found by league officials to have embezzled $15,000 in league funds." The statement wa…
Alice and Bob formed a partnership to operate a restaurant. Neither signed a written partnership agreement. Without telling Alice, Bob entered into a three-year lease on a larger commercial space, representing himself as…
Carol is the CEO and a director of XYZ Corporation. The board approved a real estate acquisition for $5 million. Carol, without telling the board, had personally purchased the target property the week before the board me…
PharmaStart LLC was formed by three members: Ann (40%), Beth (40%), and Cal (20%). The operating agreement was silent on management. Ann and Beth voted to distribute all profits to themselves without any distribution to …
Paula and Dan incorporated PD Corp., each owning 50% of the shares. They never held formal board meetings, commingled personal and corporate funds, paid personal expenses from the corporate account, and never maintained …
Dana is a senior analyst at InvestBank, which was retained to advise on TargetCo's potential acquisition by AcquireCo. Dana learned material, non-public information that the acquisition would proceed at a 40% premium. Be…
Paula, domiciled in State A, was injured in a car accident in State B, caused by Dave, domiciled in State A. State A applies the doctrine of contributory negligence (any fault by plaintiff bars recovery). State B applies…
A contract was negotiated in State X, signed in State Y, to be performed in State Z. The contract contained a choice-of-law clause selecting State Y law. The dispute concerns whether the contract is enforceable. State X …
Wanda, domiciled in State A, died intestate. She owned real property in State B and personal property (bank accounts and investments) in State C. Her heirs dispute whether her cousin or her spouse is entitled to inherit …
Paula, domiciled in State A, obtained a valid default judgment in State A against Dan, also domiciled in State A, for $150,000 in a breach of contract action. Dan later moved to State B and acquired property there. Paula…
Mark and Susan were married while domiciled in State A. Mark moved to State B six months ago to take a new job and intends to remain there permanently. Susan remained in State A with their two children. Mark filed for di…
Mark and Susan married in State A, which recognizes common law marriage. They lived together for 10 years, held themselves out as married, and filed joint tax returns. They then moved to State B, which does not recognize…
Ann and Bill divorced after 15 years of marriage. During the marriage, Bill worked full-time while Ann left a career as an accountant to raise their three children. At divorce, the marital estate includes the family home…
Kate and Paul divorced. Kate was awarded sole physical custody of their daughter Emma, age 8. Paul has scheduled visitation every other weekend. Paul wants to relocate from State X to State Y for a new job, taking Emma w…
Alan and Beth were married for 18 years. Alan, a physician, earned $600,000 per year. Beth gave up a nursing career to raise their three children, who are now teenagers. At the time of divorce, Beth had been out of the w…
Carl and Dana divorced five years ago. The divorce decree ordered Carl to pay $2,000 per month in child support for their two minor children. Carl recently lost his job and has paid nothing for eight months. He owes $16,…
Ted executed a will leaving all his property to his friend Sam. Three years later, Ted married Alice. Ted never updated his will. Two years after the marriage, Ted died. Alice seeks a share of Ted's estate. Under state l…
Mary created a revocable living trust naming herself as trustee and her daughter Lisa as successor trustee and sole beneficiary. The trust provided that Mary could amend or revoke it at any time during her lifetime. When…
Richard's will left his estate equally among his three children: Anna, Beth, and Carl. Before Richard died, Anna died leaving her own two children (Richard's grandchildren). The will did not address what happens if a ben…
Victor, age 85, suffered from moderate dementia. His daughter, Donna, moved in with him and managed his affairs. One week before Victor died, Donna drove him to a lawyer's office where he executed a new will leaving his …
Grantor established a trust leaving $1 million "to the City Library Foundation, to be used exclusively for the purchase of rare books." The City Library Foundation dissolved five years after the trust was created, making…
On January 1, Farmer borrowed $50,000 from Bank to purchase a new combine harvester. Bank took a security interest in the harvester. Bank filed a financing statement in the proper state office on January 5. Farmer purcha…
Dan operated a sporting goods store. He financed his inventory with loans from SportBank, which had a perfected security interest in Dan's existing and after-acquired inventory and proceeds. Dan later sold a shipment of …
Paula purchased a car, granting First Credit Union a security interest. First Credit Union perfected by noting its lien on the certificate of title. Paula later defaulted. First Credit Union repossessed the car without j…
On January 1, Lender entered into a security agreement with Borrower, a furniture retailer, granting Lender a security interest in "all inventory now owned or hereafter acquired, and all proceeds thereof." Lender filed a…
Borrower Corp. filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on September 1. Before filing, on August 15, Borrower had paid $30,000 to unsecured creditor Vendor, who had been owed the money for 90 days. Borrower also had granted Bank a…